Social Actors in The News of Iran's Attack on Israel in Mass Media: Theo Van Leeuwen's Critical Discourse Analysis

Authors

  • Rifki Mustofa Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim
  • Moh Zawawi Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim
  • Mellinda Raswari Jambak Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim
  • Zaki Ghufron Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin
  • Aulia Fadhila Wirmansyah Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21111/lisanudhad.v12i1.88

Abstract

The rising tensions between Iran and Israel have been highlighted by many international mass media, such as Al Arabiya, and BBC Araby. This research discusses mass media strategies in representing social actors in the news of Iran's attack on Israel using Theo Van Leeuwen's Critical Discourse Analysis model. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques including documentation, reading, and note-taking. Then the data analysis technique used is the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The researcher focused the analysis on inclusion strategies described by Theo Van Leeuwen, such as nomination, categorization, assimilation, association, determination, and others. The findings show that Al Arabiya, and BBC Araby media use four strategies to present the social actors involved in their news narratives about Iran's attack on Israel. The four strategies include determination, indetermination, assimilation, and individualization. Of the four strategies used, BBC Arabic media has a greater and more detailed representation of the details of the social actors involved than Al Arabiya media, it can be seen from the high percentage of BBC Araby media in highlighting the various social actors featured in each strategy in the news narrative.

References

Abdul Ghofur, Muchammad, Herru Prasetya Widodo, Asra Bulla Junga Jara Jara, Fathul Qorib and Herru Prasetya Widodo Asra Bulla Junga Jara Jara Fathul Qorib, ‘Demonstrasi Mahasiswa “Tolak Reformasi Dikorupsi” Dalam Agenda Media Tirto.Id Hasnidar’, Komunida: Media Komunikasi Dan Dakwah, 11 (2021), 13–28 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35905/komunida.v11i01.1924>

Abdussamad, Zuchri, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, ed. by Patta Rapanna, Cetakan 1 (Makassar: CV. syakir Media Press, 2021)

Alfriandi, Dimas and Zuhriah, ‘Analisis Isi Framing Berita Konflik Israel Dan Palestina Di Media Kompas.Com’, Indonesian Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 5 (2024), 643–54 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33367/ijhass.v5i2.5469>

Amaliah, Reski, Mahmudah Mahmudah and Mayong Mayong, ‘Mengungkap Ideologi Teks Berita Covid 19 Berdasarkan Pendekatan Analisis Wacana Kritis Theo Van Leeuwen’, Fon: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 17 (2021), 203–15 <https://doi.org/10.25134/fon.v17i2.4439>

Aprilia, Lulu Eka and Achmad Diny Hidayatullah, ‘Al-Ihrab Al-Ijramy Fi Bandung Fi Al-Akhbar Al-Arabiyah Ala Al-Imtirnit; Istinadan Ila Tahlil Al-Khitbah an-Naqdiy Li Theo Van Leeuwen’, Mantiqu Tayr, 4 (2024), 38–59 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25217/mantiqutayr.v4i1.3953>

Arabiya, Irān Tuʾakkidu: Aṭlaqnā 200 Ṣārūkh ʿalā Isrāʾīl Wa-Raddunā Intahā, 2024 <https://www.alarabiya.net/iran/2024/10/02/>

Araby, BBC, ‘Mādhā Naʿrifu ʿan Hujūm Irān ʿalā Isrāʾīl Bi-ṣ-Ṣawārīkh?’, BBC Araby, 2024 <https://www.bbc.com/arabic/articles/cdrj61zr31eo>

El-Shidiq, Riska Alifia, ‘Kemajuan Nuklir Iran Semakin Pesat Di Tengah Konflik Iran Dan Israel, Siapakah Yang Terkuat?’, LINO: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, 2 (2021), 12–17 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31605/lino.v2i1.1255>

Emir Salim, Haru Deliana Dewi, ‘Perbandingan Strategi Pemberitaan Bjorka Dalam Media Berita Daring: Analisis Wacana Kritis Dengan Teori Van Leeuwen’, Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 10 (2024), 81–89 <https://jurnal.peneliti.net/index.php/JIWP/article/view/8446>

Fasky Randika, Abdul Basid, ‘Al-Ma’na Al-Tarabuthi Fi Riwayati Mauti Ma’ali Al-Wazir Nawal El-Sa’dawi ‘ala Asasi Nadzariyyati Geoffrey Leech’, Lisanudhad: Jurnal Bahasa, Pembelajaran Dan Satra Arab, 8 (2021), 115–38 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21111/lisanudhad.v8i1.6485

Fatimah, Siti Nur, Bambang Yulianto and Heny Subandiyah, ‘Representasi Aktor Pada Kasus Penembakan Brigadir Joshua Dalam Perspektif Analisis Wacana Theo Van Leeweun’, EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 4 (2023), 2363–68 <https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v4i2.594>

Fudia, Sintaya Luchma, Ahmad Afifudin Fajrin, Akrima Bunga Yunia Rizqi and Aisyah Uswatun Chasanah, ‘Konflik Kawasan: Studi Kasus Sengketa Masjidil Al Aqsa’, Journal of Integrative International Relations, 7 (2022), 133–47 <https://doi.org/10.15642/jiir.2022.7.2.133-147>

H, Wati M Rustono R, Bakti Mardikantoro, ‘Theo Van Leeuwen Critical Discuss Analysis on Murder Theme of Criminal News in Cnn.Com and Detik.Com’, KREDO : Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa Dan Sastra, 7 (2023), 137–59 <https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.24176/kredo.v7i1.11254

Hamidah, Husnul, ‘Dahsyat Al-Mawt Fī Shi‘r Ḥubb Li-Adūnīs (The Astonishment of Death in Hubb Poetry by Adonis)’, Lisanudhad, 5 (2018), 73–86 <https://doi.org/10.21111/lisanudhad.v5i2.2456>

Kholisin, K and Ahmad Affan Haris, ‘Taḥlīl Al-Khiṭāb Al-Naqdī Li-Al-Akhbār ‘Alá Al-Internet “an Ilghā” Indūnīsiyā Li-Istiḍāfah Ka’s Al-‘Ālam Taḥta 20 Sanah Min Qibal FIFA ‘alá Ṣafḥah Arabic.Rt.Com Bi-Istikhdām Nahj Theo Van Leeuwen’, Al-Multaqá Al-‘Ilmī Al-‘Ālamī Al-Rābi‘ ‘Ashar Li-Lughah Al-‘Arabiyyah, 2023, 1175–86

Kusuma,Salsabila arini; Purnama,Chandra;Darmawan, wawan budi;, ‘Diplomasi Publik Dan Media: Penggunaan Jaringan Penyiaran Al-Jazeera Dalam Krisis Diplomatik Qatar 2017-2019’, Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 10 (2020), 141–68 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15575/jispo.v10i2.8176>

Lazar berman, emanuel fabian, Iran Fires 181 Missiles at Israel;PM:They Made a Big Mistake and Will Pay for It (Israel, 2024)

Leeuwen, Theo van, Introducing Social Semiotics, Introducing Social Semiotics, First Edit (USA and Canada: Routledge, 2005) <https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203647028>

M. Anwar Masadi, Madinatul Munawwarah, Lulu Eka Aprlilia, ‘The Attack Of Al-Syifa Hospital In The Report Of Online Media Republika, Aljazeera, And Bbc News’, Mabasan: Masyarakat Bahasa & Sastra Nusantara, 18 (2024), 145–64 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62107/mab.v18i1.854>

M.Si, Gigit Mujianto, ‘Analisis Wacana Kritis Pemberitaan Tentang Ormas Islam Pada Situs Berita Online’, Kembara: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 4 (2018), 155 <https://doi.org/10.22219/kembara.vol4.no2.155-172>

Maftuhah Salamatun Ni’mah, Achmad Diny and Masrokhinc Hidayatullahb, ‘The Kanjuruhan Tragedy in Online News: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Michel Foucault’s Mode’, Lisanudhad: Jurnal Bahasa, Pembelajaran Dan Satra Arab, 11 (2024), 52–88 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21111/lisanudhad.v11i01.10977>

Majid, Moch Nurcholis and M Wildanil Mubarok, ‘Critical Discourse Analysis Of Campus News Text : Model of Theo Van Leeuwen (Case Study of UIN Malang News on Online Media Jatim.Nu.or.Id)’, Jurnal Komunikasi Islam Dan Kehumasan (JKPI), 7 (2023), 9–15 <https://doi.org/https://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/JKPI/article/view/18450>

Mujapasa, Hannafirsta Seroja, ‘Analisis Wacana Kritis Theo Van Leeuwen Pada Pemberitaan Piala Dunia FIFA Qatar 2022 Di The Guardian and Al Jazeera’, Madani : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipline, 1 (2023), 972–77 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8073662>

Nasution, Khairunnisa, ‘Analisis Strategi Wacana Kritis Menurut Theo Van Leewen Dalam Berita Bbc Ḥādith Ṣan“ā”: Maqtal ‘Asharāt Al-Yamanīyīn Fī Tadāfu‘ Khilāl Tajammu‘ Li-Tawzī‘ Tabarru‘āt Fī Ramaḍān’, Research Gate, 2023, 1–9

Nicholas Ryan Aditya, icha rastika, Soroti Ketegangan Iran-Israel, Pengamat: Perang Di Timur Tengah Bisa Menjurus Ke Perang Dunia III (Jakarta, 2024)

Nur Ikraam Syafruddin, Johar Amir, Azis Azis, ‘Kajian Pemberitaan Dugaan Korupsi Dalam Dunia Pendidikan: Analisis Wacana Kritis Theo Van Leeuwen’, Wahana Literasi: Journal of Language, Literature, and Linguistics, 1 (2021), 35–44

Prasetyo, Bayu, Iran Konfirmasi Tembakkan Drone, Rudal Ke Israel (Yerussalem, 2024)

Rofii, Afif and Lisa Yuniarti, ‘Analisis Wacana Model Theo Van Leeuwen Pada Berita Tipikor Dalam Rubrik Politik Dan Hukum Surat Kabar Harian Kompas’, Aksara: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 7 (2023), 1–12 <https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/aksara.v7i1.486>

Sari, Lila Agustin Triana, Pipin Nabila and Depict Pristine Adi, ‘Analisis Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri Indonesia Sebagai Mediator Konflik Antara Arab Saudi Dengan Iran Tahun 2016’, Cermin: Jurnal Penelitian, 4 (2020), 233 <https://doi.org/10.36841/cermin_unars.v4i2.768>

Suharni, Siti Bahirah Saidi and Samantha Medina, ‘Theo Van Leuwen’S Theory of Inclusion in Criminal News on Facebook: A Critical Discourse Analysis Analisis Wacana Kritis Teori Inklusi Theo Van Leeuwen Dalam Berita’, Journal of Pragmatics and Discourse Research, 2 (2022), 48–57 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.51817/jpdr.v2i2.205>

Suhayatmi, Alia Rahmatulummah, Sekar Anugrah Resky, ‘Eskalasi Konflik Iran-Israel Di Damaskus: Implikasi Terhadap Stabilitas Keamanan Regional Dan Global’, Jurnal Hubungan Luar Negeri Kementerian Luar Negeri Indonesia, 9 (2024), 49–68 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.70836/jh.v9i1.49>

Taha, Mujahid, Ery Iswary and Dafirah, ‘Analisis Wacana Kritis Teori Inklusi Theo Van Leeuwen Dalam Berita Kriminal Di Media Daring Koridormalutnews.Com Edisi 23 November 2021’, Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge, 2 (2022), 329–36 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53625/jirk.v2i2.2773>

Theo Van Leewuen, Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical DIscourse Analysis (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008) <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780195323306.001.0001>

Tyas Gusti, Efaphras Cinta, Eti Setiawati and Warsiman Warsiman, ‘Strategi Media Daring Kompas.Com Dalam Membentuk Identitas Sepak Bola Nasional: Analisis Wacana Model Theo van Leeuwen’, Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa, Dan Sastra, 10 (2024), 3099–3118 <https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v10i3.3919>

Umam, Khotibul, ‘Rivalitas Arab Saudi, Iran, Dan Israel Di Kawasan Timur Tengah’, Populika, 10 (2022), 1–10 <https://doi.org/10.37631/populika.v10i2.509>

Al Umma, Khoirul Zaman, ‘Ferdinand de Saussure : Structuralism and His Role in Modern Linguistics’, Jurnal Lisanu Ad-Dhad, 02 (2015), 1–19 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21111/lisanudhad.v2i1.469>

Wibowo, Prihandono, ‘Republik Islam Iran Dan Permasalahan Palestina-Israel’, THE INSIERA INSIGHT, 1 (2024), 1–5 <https://doi.org/https://journal.insiera.org/index.php/TII/article/view/100>

Wida Wahyuni, Jufri Jufri and Azis Azis, ‘Analisis Representasi Aktor Perempuan Dalam Berita Media Daring: Pendekatan Eksklusi Berdasarkan Model Theo van Leeuwen’, Jurnal Onoma: Pendidikan, Bahasa, Dan Sastra, 10 (2024), 1593–1605 <https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v10i2.3517>

Yuliana, Nanik, Adi Syaiful Muchtar and Moh Atikurrahman, ‘Kuasi Narasi, Kuasa Gramatika: Strategi Inklusi Van Leeuwen Dalam Pemberitaan Mahasiswa Tolak Kenaikan Harga Bbm (Narrative Quality, Gramatic Power: Van Leeuwen’s Inclusion Strategy in Student Reporting Rejecting The Increase of Fuel Price)’, Totobuang, 11 (2023), 29–42 <https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26499/totobuang.v11i1.427>

Zawawi, Moh, Mellinda Raswari Jambak, Ummi Hasanah, Abdul Basid and Khoirul Anas, ‘Framing of Hamas Attacks on Israel in Al-Jazeera and BBCCoverage’, Eralingua: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Asing Dan Sastra, 8 (2024), 81–94 <https://doi.org/10.26858/eralingua.v8i1.59353>

Downloads

Submitted

2026-07-11

Published

2026-07-11

How to Cite

Rifki Mustofa, Moh Zawawi, Mellinda Raswari Jambak, Zaki Ghufron, & Aulia Fadhila Wirmansyah. (2026). Social Actors in The News of Iran’s Attack on Israel in Mass Media: Theo Van Leeuwen’s Critical Discourse Analysis. Lisanudhad: Jurnal Bahasa, Pembelajaran Dan Sastra Arab, 12(1), 153–184. https://doi.org/10.21111/lisanudhad.v12i1.88