LEXEMES MEAN GOD IN AL-QUR’AN AND ARABIC GOSPEL: SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
الكلمات المفتاحية:
Lexeme، God’s Name، Arabic Gospels، Semantic، Divinityالملخص
This research aimed to understanding the concept of divinity in Arabic culture through lexemes mean God which are used in al-Qur’an dan Arabic Gospel. Lexeme is the smallest unit of meaning that formed word. From lexeme, words, phrases, clauses, and discourses are formed according Arabic’s concept of divinity. Formal objects of this research are the lexemes mean God in al-Qur’an and Arabic Gospels. All of data derived from al-Qur’an and the Four Gospels in New Testament. This research applied semantic approach, especially which talks about form and meaning, Brown-Yule’s text and co-text, and Sapir-Whorf Hypothesa in relation between culture and language. The method used in this research is distributional method which is the lexeme and word as the deciding device. This research is a qualitative research caused of nature of the data that found and the data collection of this research purely based on library research. The process of this research passed three stages, data provision, data analysis with semantic approach, and the presentation of analysis result. The result of this research indicates that lexeme Allāh that means God has been known by Arabic people before the birth of Islam and Christian. This lexeme means the name of the highest God in Arabic’s polytheism and estimated that it used since Fifth century BC. Arabic Christians used this lexeme as the translation of “God” and referred to The Only One God 500 years before Muhammad’s birth. The lexemes mean God in al-Qur’an are Allāh, Rabb, Ilāh, Dhamīr (Anā, Anta, Huwa, and Nahnu), and the names of Allah (shifātu’l Lāh wa asmāu’l Lāh). As for the lexemes mean God in Arabic Gospels are Allāh, Rabb, Ilāh, Āb father, Yasū’ Jesus, ar-Rūh al-Quds Holy Spirit, al-Ibn Son, as-Sayyid Lord, al-Mu’allim Master, al-Malik King, and Dhamīr (Anā, Anta, and Huwa). The lexeme Allāh, Rabb, and Ilāh are the similar lexemes found in both Holy Books, but these lexemes have some difference in word category, sintaxis function, and semantic role. Furthermore, other lexemes used in same purpose, that is presenting a more complete pictures and more familiar about their God.
المراجع
Abū’l Makārim, ‘Aliy. 2007. Al-Jumlah al-Ismiyyah. Kairo: Muassasah al-Mukhtār.
__________________. 2007. Al-Jumlah al-Fi’liyyah. Kairo: Muassasah al-Mukhtār.
Armstrong, Karen. 2002. Islam: A Short History. New York: Modern Library.
Al-Asadi, Hasan ‘Abdu’l Ghaniy Jawwad. 2007. Mafhūmu’l Jumlah ‘inda Sibawaich. Lebanon: Dāru’l Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Bālbaki, Munir, dan Ramzi Munir Bālbaki. 2008. Al-Mawrid al-Hadīṡ, A Modern English-Arabic Dictionary. Beirut: Dāru’l ‘Ilm Li’l Malāyīn.
Bālbaki, Rohi. 1987. Al-Mawrid, A Modern Arabic-English Dictionary. Beirut: Dāru’l ‘Ilm Li’l Malāyīn.
____________. 2016. Al-Mawrid al-‘Araby. Beirut: Dāru’l ‘Ilm Li’l Malāyīn.
Campo, Juan Eduardo. 2009. Encyclopedia of Islam. New York: Facts on File, Inc.
Carroll, John B. (Ed.). 1978. Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Massachusetts: The M.I.T Press.
Crone, Patricia. 2016. The Qur’anic Pagans and Related Matters. Leiden: BRILL.
Der Spuy, Roelie van. 2015. The Understanding and the Use of the Term Allah as a Term for God in Translations of the Bible and the Qur’an with Specific Reference to the Talysh Speakers of Azerbaijan. Article in *In die Skriflig*, Vol. 49 (1).
Dosick, Rabbi Wayne. 2012. The Real Name of God: Embracing the Full Essence of the Divine. Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions.
Elmes, David. 2013. The Relationship between Language and Culture. Dalam *National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya International Exchange and Language Education Center*. Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan.
Griffith, Sidney H. 2013. The Bible in Arabic: The Scriptures of the “People of The Book” in the Language of Islam. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Hall, Isaac H. 1885. The Arabic Bible of Drs. Eli Smith and Cornelius V. A. Van Dyck. Dalam *Journal of the American Oriental Society*, Vol. 11, 1885.
Hitti, Philip K. 1970. History of The Arabs: Tenth Edition. London: Macmillan Education LTD.
Koentjaraningrat. 1981. Kebudayaan, Mentalitas, dan Pembangunan. Jakarta: PT Gramedia.
Kridalaksana, Harimurti. 2008. Kamus Linguistik. Fourth Edition. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Massey, Joshua. 2004. Should Christians Use “Allah” in Bible Translation. Article in *Evangelical Missions Quarterly*, 40(3), July.
Michel, Thomas. 2001. Pokok-Pokok Iman Kristiani: Sharing Iman Seorang Kristiani dalam Dialog Antar Agama. Terj. Y.B. Adimassana dan F. Subroto Widjojo, S.J. Yogyakarta: Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Monaghan, Patricia. 2010. Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines, Vol. 1 and 2: Africa, Eastern Mediterranean and Asia. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Press.
Moshay, G.J.O. 1994. Who is this Allah?. Bucks: Dorchester House Publications.
Naude, Jacobus Adriān. 1971. The Name of Allah. Dissertation of Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, University of Pretoria.
Paulien, John. 2011. The Unpredictable God: Creative Mission and The Biblical Testimony. Article in *A Man of Passionate Reflection: A Festschrift Honoring Jerald Whitehouse*, Andrews University Mission Studies–VII, Berrien Springs, Michigan.
Al-Rehaili, Abdullah M. 2003. Bukti Kebenaran Al-Qur’an. Translated Version. Yogyakarta: PADMA.
Rohmad, Yudi. 2010. Quranic Explorer (Kamus dan Indeks al-Qur’an). Ebook Version, Version 1.1.5, April 2010.
Sapir, Edward. 1921. Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York: Harcourt.
El-Shiekh, Ahmed Abdel Azim, dan Mona Ahmad Saleh. 2011. Translation versus Transliteration of Religious Terms in Contemporary Islamic Discourse in Western Communities. Article in *International Journal of English Linguistics*, Vol. 1, No. 2, September 2011.
Somekh, Sasson. 1995. Biblical Echoes in Modern Arabic Literature. Article in *Journal of Arabic Literature*, Vol. 26, No. 1/2, *The Quest for Freedom in Modern Arabic Literature*.
Thanasoulas, Dimitrios. 2001. The Importance of Teaching Culture in the Foreign Language Classroom. *Radical Pedagogy*, Issue 3, Late Fall 2001.
Thomas, Kenneth J. 2001. Allah Translations of the Bible. Technical Papers dalam *The Bible Translator*, Vol. 52, No. 3, July 2001.
Trimingham, J. Spencer. 1979. Christianity Among the Arabs in Pre-Islamic Times. London: Longman Group Limited.
Al-Yasū’I, Louis Ma’lūf. 2015. Al-Munjid fī al-Lughah wa al-Adab wa al-‘Ulūm. Beirut: al-Maṭba‘ah al-Kātūlīkiyyah.
http://world.time.com/2013/10/15/allah-means-god-unless-youre-a-christian-in-malaysia/ accessed on November 6, 2017, 06:27 WIB.
http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia/2013/10/131013_pengadilan_malaysia accessed on November 6, 2017, 06:34 WIB.
https://www.merdeka.com/dunia/malaysia-memperdebatkan-nama-tuhan.html accessed on November 6, 2017, 06:32 WIB.
التنزيلات
مقدم
منشور
كيفية الاقتباس
إصدار
القسم
الرخصة
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2018 Yuangga Kurnia Yahya
هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this Journal agree to the following terms:
- Free to Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format;
- Free to Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material,
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes .
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
